Challenges and Comparative Analysis of IoT-Based Architectures: Towards MoreResilient and Scalable Systems

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a major technological paradigm that is trans- forming the industrial, medical, agricultural, and domestic sectors. However, despite its many advantages, the IoT presents numerous challenges related to security, scalability, interoperability, and data management. This article analyzes the problems inherent in IoT architectures and conducts a comparative study of existing architectures. Through this analysis, we highlight current limitations and propose recommendations for more robust and resilient architectures adapted to rapidly evolving technologies. A case study on an IoT-based smart farm management architecture is also included