Understanding the Impact of Analysis Paralysis on Organizational Performance: A Systematic Literature Review of Decision-Making Practices in Higher Education Governance

Effective decision-making is a vital managerial function in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that has a direct impact on organizational performance, efficiency, and agility. It guides strategic direction, assures efficient resource allocation, and assists institutions in adapting to business dynamics and educational contexts; thus delayed decision-making caused by paralysis analysis, can impede business operations and overall organizational performance. This study investigated the causes and consequences of analysis paralysis in higher education, with a particular emphasis on its impact on strategic responsiveness, operational efficiency, and organizational performance. Using empirical data and theoretical frameworks from management science, psychology, and educational leadership, this study highlights factors that contribute to decision immobility in higher education institutions. It also investigated the techniques for overcoming analysis paralysis, highlighting leadership, governance reforms, and organizational learning as essential solutions. The findings highlight the importance of balancing analytical rigor with timely decision making to improve institutional performance and responsiveness in dynamic educational settings.