Synchrophasotron and Nuclotron Equipment for Investigation of Polarization Phenomena

The development of the unique cryogenic source of polarized deuterons, POLARIS, in the late 1970s was very fruitful and significantly enhanced JINR’s instrumental base for studies of nucleon-nucleon interactions as well as interactions of lightest nuclei with heavier nuclei. Experimental data on polarization-dependent effects, obtained at the Synchrophasotron and the Nuclotron, significantly influenced the worldwide understanding of strong interactions between hadrons as well as the structure of lightest nuclei (the deuteron, first of all) at short inter-nucleon distances. Experiments with polarized deuteron, proton and neutron beams at intermediate (several GeV) energies resulted in creation of wide collaborations between VBLHEP of JINR and other world centers (in the USSR and Russia, France, the USA, Germany, Japan, China). Many new and unexpected experimental results were obtained by those collaborations. In particular, many new unique results were obtained for the nucleon electromagnetic formfactors of nucleons, thanks to results of works within the ALPOM/ALPOM2 project. In addition, new ways became opened for experimental investigations with polarized 3He beams. In this direction, new unique results were obtained. The necessary developments of the techniques for the spin program at the Nuclotron/NICA are discussed in the paper.