Identification of gastrointestinal parasites and their effects on blood parameters in free-range chickens

Background: Gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites can reduce poultry productivity by negatively affecting the birds\' health and altering specific blood values. There are few published studies addressing this issue in Libya, particularly in Al-Bayda and the surrounding areas. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of gastrointestinal parasites and to assess their impact on selected hematological parameters in selected free-range chickens (Crossbreed chicken, Libyan chicken, and Fyomi) in Al-Bayda and the surrounding areas of Al-Bayda in Libya Methods: A total of 50 fecal samples from adult chicken collection from local poultry breeders were examined for GIT parasites using the floatation technique. Blood parameters, including RBC, HB, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and WBC, were also collected and analyzed using an Automated Hematology Analyzer (Mindray). Statistical significance between CBC (Complete Blood Count) parasite positivity and reference parameters was determined using the mean and standard deviation (mean ± SD). Results: Gastrointestinal parasites were detected in 100% of the samples. Among these, 48% had a single infection, 36% had two different parasites, and 16% were infected with three parasites. The common parasites identified included Ascaridia spp. (24%), Heterakis spp. (14%), Capillaria spp. (18%), Eimeria spp. (64%), Trichostrongylus (12%), and Choanotaenia (20%). Several factors were significantly associated with the presence of gastrointestinal parasites, including factors such as farm location, years of operation, number of employees, proximity to water sources, fecal cleaning practices, and the presence of other animals. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal parasites were found in the poultry of breeders in selected areas of Al-Bayda, Libya. These findings highlight the necessity for regular monitoring of gastrointestinal parasites and emphasize the necessity of consistent deworming or the rotation of dewormers in the region.