Peritoneal and hemodialysis patients: The relationship between serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D and nuclear Factor-ΚB levels and fatigue syndrome

Chronic inflammation and vitamin D deficiency are hallmarks of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with potential links to fatigue through NF-κB-mediated pathways. However, the interrelationships among these factors in different dialysis modalities remain unclear. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 29 peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 29 hemodialysis (HD) patients, alongside 20 healthy controls. Measurements included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, sIL-6R, IL-8, TNF-α), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) quality of life assessments. Dialysis patients exhibited a pro-inflammatory state, characterized by significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (p=0.007), sIL-6R (p