Suspected ammonium chloride toxicity causing increased mortality in layer chickens: A case report

Background: Ammonium chloride is widely used in poultry production to manage urinary and metabolic conditions; however, inappropriate dosing can lead to serious metabolic disturbances and increased mortality. This report describes a field outbreak linked to excessive ammonium chloride administration in layer chickens. Case Description: A commercial layer flock comprising 5,000 birds experienced elevated mortality, with 138 deaths (2.76%) recorded within a short period. The flock had received an estimated concentration of 5-7 g/l of a commercial ammonium chloride product (ASHIDUR) via drinking water. Clinical evaluation and laboratory findings were consistent with metabolic acidosis, evidenced by hyperchloremia, reduced bicarbonate levels, and significant elevations in hepatic and renal biochemical markers. Gross pathological examination revealed hepatomegaly, renal enlargement, visceral congestion, petechial hemorrhages, and air sacculitis. Mortality decreased markedly following corrective therapy with sodium bicarbonate. Conclusion: This case report underscores the risks associated with excessive or unsupervised use of ammonium chloride in layer chickens. Strict adherence to recommended dosing protocols and veterinary oversight is essential to prevent metabolic acidosis and associated organ damage.