Evaluation of acute phase protein, cardiac marker, and antioxidant enzymes in Madura Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease in cloven-hoofed animals and remains a significant cause of economic loss in the livestock sector. In addition to causing characteristic clinical symptoms, FMD infection triggers a systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress that can alter various biochemical and cardiac parameters. However, information on the biochemical and antioxidant profiles of local Indonesian cattle, particularly Madura cattle, remains limited. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate changes in acute phase proteins (APPs), cardiac markers, and antioxidant enzyme activity in Madura cattle naturally infected with FMD, and to analyze the relationships between these biochemical parameters during the infection and recovery phases. Methods: Ten 2.5±0.5-year-old male Madura cattle clinically diagnosed with FMD had blood samples taken twice during the infection phase (days 3–7) and the recovery phase (days 28–30). The biochemical parameters analyzed included Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine Kinase–Myocardial Band (CK-MB), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Cardiac Troponin I (cTn-I), Haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive Protein (CrP), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) using ELISA and spectrophotometry methods. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Spearman\'s correlation with a significance level of p