Design and Implementation of an Obstacle Detection and Warning System for the Visually Impaired

Independent mobility is a challenge for individuals with visual impairments in daily life. It was created based on the development of the smart cane, including an integrated electronic system for obstacle detection and early warning mechanisms. The obstacle detection system is based on HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors at different levels for detection, and an Arduino Nano microcontroller is used to manage the input to the device. The system provides real-time feedback in the form of graduated auditory alerts (Buzzer) and vibratory-based signals (Vibration Motor) based on the distance to the obstacle. Based on the experimental results it can find an obstacle in a range between 10 cm to 200 cm, with less than 0.3 s response time. The device was installed in different spaces, indoor and outdoor, and proved to be effective in promoting user safety and autonomy. This work aims to come up with a workable, scalable, low-cost option to improve the quality of life of the blind.