The Quantum moment: a global report; Outcomes of the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology

The quantum revolution has begun, but it cannot belong to only a few. During the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology 2025 (IYQ 2025), proclaimed by the United Nations to mark the centenary of quantum mechanics, the world responded with extraordinary energy. Over 1300 events and activities from 83countries and regions brought quantum science into classrooms, public squares, and policy forums on every continent. Of 1.2 million people mobilized during IYQ, average 42.5 per cent female participation across events was achieved. Yet behind this momentum lies a reality that cannot be ignored. A deep and persistent "quantum divide" separates those at the frontier of this field from those who risk being left behind, a divide in infrastructure, in skills, and in the capacity to shape the rules that will govern these powerful technologies. UNESCO's Global Survey on Quantum Research and Infrastructure, gathering responses from institutions across 72 countries, provides a clear empirical picture. 43per cent of respondents identified a shortage of skilled researchers as the primary barrier to quantum development. Nearly one third of institutions reported no access to any quantum research facilities. When event density is measured per UNESCO Member State, Europe and North America recorded more than seven times the activity of Africa. This is not a gap that will close on its own. The quantum future cannot belong to the few43%cite shortage of skilled researchers as the primary barrier to quantum development IYQ 2025 demonstrated that a distributed, science-led model can rapidly mobilize global engagement and created concrete evidence base and network of partnerships. The Global Quantum Initiative (2026–2028) is UNESCO's response: a platform to translate this momentum into shared capacity, investing in education, enabling access to infrastructure, and advancing responsible governance so that the quantum future is built on inclusion and trust.