Heterogeneity in the Efficiency of FinTech-Empowering Commercial Banks: A Research Review based on Artificial Intelligence, RWA and Blockchain

Against the deep integration of FinTech into the financial ecosystem, the heterogeneous effect of FinTech applications in the digital transformation of commercial banks has become a key proposition. Focusing on the heterogeneous effect of FinTech on commercial banks, this paper integrates literature review and logical deduction, and explores the differentiated effects of artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, RWA and other technologies on their operational efficiency, risk transmission, and business innovation. The study found that the impact of FinTech presents dual heterogeneity in technical attributes and institutional endowments. In terms of operational efficiency, the empowerment effects of various FinTechs showcase different degrees of heterogeneity due to their differences in bank size and digital foundation. When it comes to risk transmission, there is tension between blockchain and regulatory compliance. RWA valuation and risk transmission can easily aggravate risk superposition due to the different technical capabilities of banks. In terms of business innovation, large banks rely on resources to achieve multi-technology collaborative innovation, while small and medium-sized banks fall into the dilemma of superficial technology application because of insufficient resources. In addition to deconstructing the heterogeneous logic of the interaction between the two, this paper not only clarifies the boundaries and risk exposures of technology empowerment, but also gives insight for commercial banks to allocate FinTech resources and regulatory agencies to build regulatory frameworks, thus assisting FinTech and commercial banks to deeply integrate under controllable risks with coordinated development.