Spatiotemporal Changes in Social Vulnerability to Rainstorm-Driven Flood Disasters in Henan Province

Rainstorm-induced flood disasters have intensified in Henan Province in recent years, magnifying social impacts and elevating social vulnerability. This study examines the spatiotemporal evolution of social vulnerability to rainstorm–flood hazards and develops targeted reduction strategies. Using the Vulnerability Scoping Diagram (VSD) framework, an index system incorporating sensitivity and social coping capacity was established, with indicator weights determined through the entropy method and vulnerability levels quantified via a comprehensive index. The results show that from 2014 to 2020, sensitivity steadily declined while coping capacity improved, leading to a gradual decrease in overall vulnerability. Spatially, sensitivity is lower in the north and west and higher in the south and east, whereas coping capacity strengthens from west to east; consequently, vulnerability increases from west to east and north to south, with river-adjacent areas exhibiting the highest levels. The study recommends prioritizing riverine zones, reducing agricultural dependence in high-sensitivity areas, and enhancing socioeconomic development in western regions.