E-Demography as a Platform for Population Data Analysis: A Conceptual Review and the Case of Azerbaijan

Electronic demography (e-demography) refers to the application of digital technologies and big data in demographic research and population-related decision-making. This study explores the concept, importance, and evolution of e-demography through a comprehensive review of the literature and a comparative assessment of international practices. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of government registers in the development of e-demography systems and the implementation of digital platforms. The study presents Azerbaijan as a practical context by briefly describing the population register and the Azerbaijan Service and Assessment Network (ASAN) Service digital platform as enabling components for e-demography-oriented applications. In addition, the study discusses how e-demography complements classical demographic infrastructure (including vital statistics) and it outlines key challenges and opportunities, such as data quality, interoperability, privacy protection, and institutional capacity. The results highlight the role of digital transformation in demographic management and underscore the potential of global best practices to inform the development of e-demography in Azerbaijan. Implications include enhancing e-government service quality, increasing citizen satisfaction, and improving oversight of socio-political processes. Future research will focus on expanding socio-demographic analyses and applying advanced analytical methods.