Phyllanthin identified from Phyllanthus amarus attenuates arsenite-induced liver and kidney damage: Role of NF-kB pathway inhibition.

Sodium arsenite is a common and highly toxic inorganic arse-nic compound that causes liver and kidney damage. Phyllanthus amarus is well known for its protective effects on these organs. This study aimed to identify the active phytoconstituents of the methanolic extract of P. amarus (PAME) and to explore their effects on arsenite-induced liver and kidney toxicity in experi-mental rats. The standardization of P. amarus extract was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Male Wistar rats developed liver and kidney toxicity after daily oral administration of sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The rats were simultaneously given coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10; 10 mg/kg) or PAME (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). Results showed that HPLC analy-sis detected phyllanthin at a retention time of 25.41 minutes with an area of 71.84%. Arsenite treatment caused a significant (p