DERMATOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF DEODORANTS AND POTENTIAL CUTANEOUS RISKS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

The daily use of deodorants and antiperspirants exposes axillary skin to multiple classes of ingredients in a microenvironment characterized by humidity, occlusion, and friction, which may favor irritation and allergic contact dermatitis. This article presents a narrative review of the literature with a critical approach, addressing the dermatological composition of deodorants and analyzing the cutaneous risk profile of key ingredients in conventional formulations and emerging alternatives. Evidence indicates that fragrances, including those of natural origin, and isothiazolinone preservatives are the main drivers of skin sensitization. Vehicles and surfactants, such as propylene glycol and alkyl glucosides, may also contribute to irritation and increased reactivity, particularly under occlusive conditions. In contrast, aluminum salts remain effective in reducing sweat flow and are mainly associated with local adverse effects that can be mitigated through appropriate application techniques and formulation adjustments. Magnesium hydroxide has been described as a promising anti-odor alternative, acting through the neutralization of odoriferous compounds and pH modulation without occluding sweat ducts, with favorable cutaneous tolerability reported in the literature. In conclusion, careful selection of formulations with lower allergenic potential and proper guidance on use are essential to minimize adverse skin outcomes while maintaining effective odor control.