Neuroergonomic and Neurodiverse Revaluation of VR, AR, and Traditional Drone Control Systems for Equitable, Therapeutic, and Inclusive Operation

The growing use of small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) extends beyond industry to therapeutic and recreational applications for neurodiverse individuals. Yet, poorly optimized interfaces can heighten stress, cognitive overload, and social alienation. This study compares Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and traditional physical controllers to examine their effects on cognitive workload, task performance, and emotional well-being among individuals with ADHD, Autism, and Dyslexia. Using EEG to assess neural activity and behavioural metrics to evaluate accuracy and task completion, results reveal distinct cognitive and emotional responses. VR enhanced immersion but increased cognitive strain, particularly for dyslexic users; AR balanced engagement but posed navigation challenges for autistic participants; and traditional controllers provided stable, low-stress performance. Findings highlight the need for cognitively adaptive, equitable sUAS interfaces that integrate real-time physiological feedback to reduce mental strain, enhance accessibility, and harness the therapeutic potential of drone technologies for neurodiverse populations.