Non-coding RNA in extracellular vesicles and the occurrence and progression of psychiatric disorders: A narrative review

As the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in psychiatric disorders gains increasing prominence, attention has shifted to their dysregulated expression in these conditions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, play a crucial role as key mediators of cellular communication within the brain and between peripheral tissues. Their influence on neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal stress responses underscores their significance in psychopathophysiology. Due to their stability, disease-specific expression, and functional roles, EV-encapsulated ncRNAs have emerged as highly promising biomarkers. This review systematically explores the interactions between EV-derived ncRNAs and psychiatric disorders, evaluating their diagnostic potential and therapeutic applications in the field of psychiatry.