Anxiety and depression in relation to resilience and quality of life in patients with kidney calculi

BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are understudied in kidney calculi despite their inverse correlation with clinical outcomes. AIM To investigate the correlation of anxiety and depression with resilience and quality of life (QoL) in patients with kidney calculi, and to identify contributors to these emotional disorders in such patients. METHODS This study included 119 patients with kidney calculi who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from May 2022 to March 2025. Patients’ anxiety [Hamilton Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (HAMA)], depression [Hamilton Self-Rating Depression Scale (HAMD)], resilience [Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)], and QoL [General QoL Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74)] were assessed. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to analyze the correlations of anxiety and depression with resilience and QoL. Multivariate modeling identified anxiety and depression contributors in patients with kidney calculi. RESULTS Anxiety and depressive symptoms affected 49.58% and 64.71% of participants, respectively. Notably lower CD-RISC scores (across tenacity, strength, and optimism dimensions and the global scale) were observed in the anxiety/depression groups vs their corresponding non-anxiety/non-depression groups. The same pattern was observed in GQOLI-74 global and subscale scores. Both HAMA and HAMD correlated inversely with CD-RISC (HAMA: r = -0.194, P = 0.034; HAMD: r = -0.413, P < 0.001) and GQOLI-74 (HAMA: r = -0.394, P < 0.001; HAMD: r = -0.347, P < 0.001). As confirmed by multivariate regression, per capita monthly income [odds ratio (OR) = 0.158, P = 0.002], complications (risk factor, OR = 3.442, P = 0.032), CD-RISC (OR = 0.075, P < 0.001), and GQOLI-74 (OR = 0.081, P < 0.001) each independently affected anxiety risk. Depression-associated independent predictors included income (OR = 0.090, P < 0.001), social support (OR = 0.136, P = 0.003), CD-RISC (OR = 0.060, P < 0.001), and GQOLI-74 (OR = 0.198, P = 0.023). CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression exhibited an intimate connection with resilience and QoL in patients with kidney calculi. High income, great resilience, and superior QoL are protective against psychological distress.