Circadian rhythm disruption in bipolar disorder: Mechanisms, clinical significance, and rhythm-oriented interventions

Circadian disruption is not merely a common symptom of bipolar disorder (BD) but also serves as a pivotal driver in its pathophysiology. Grounded in the “gene-brain-behavior-environment” multidimensional interaction model, this review established an integrative framework to examine recent advances across molecular, physiological, behavioral, and social scales. We systematically delineated the critical role and clinical significance of circadian disruption in the pathogenesis of BD and assessed the therapeutic potential and prognostic benefits of rhythm-oriented interventions. Future research should deepen the understanding of the network regulatory mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms in BD to foster the translational application of related therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders.