Microplastics in organ transplantation: An emerging threat requiring immediate action

Microplastic contamination has emerged as a threat in transplantation, with evidence of its presence in human tissues and potential to compromise grafts. Transplant recipients, vulnerable due to immunosuppression and surgical exposure, face risk from microplastics via airborne particles, surgical materials, and organ preservation systems. These particles trigger inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation—pathways critical in rejection. Microplastics support biofilm formation, potentially facilitating antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings. Despite this risk, transplant-specific research is lacking. We urge action through environmental controls, material substitutions, and procedural modifications, alongside research targeting exposure pathways, biological impact, and mitigation strategies. Transplantation has historically led medical innovation and must do so in confronting this environmental challenge. Leadership from global transplant societies is essential to protect recipients and ensure safe procedures.