Development and Characterization of Active, Biodegradable Film from Corn Starch and Pomegranate Peel Powder

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is among the most commonly grown fruits worldwide. Its impressive nutritional benefits make pomegranate a highly utilized fruit in the food industry, generating significant byproducts, primarily the peel. The peel is a rich source of bioactive compounds, making it suitable to be used in active packaging. In this research, we utilized corn starch as the base material for film production owing to its great film-forming capability. Films were produced by incorporating pomegranate peel powder into the corn starch using a casting technique. Findings indicated that a higher concentration of pomegranate peel powder contributed to higher film thickness, withstand repeated folding and reduced water solubility and moisture content. Scanning electron microscope analysis demonstrated good compatibility between the peel powder and starch matrix. The film became more opaque with increasing extract concentration, reducing light transmission and potentially providing better protection for light sensitive foods. Additionally, the films were soil-biodegradable, decomposing within 12 days. Antimicrobial tests showed that the pomegranate peel powder inhibited both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with the highest inhibition observed against Staphylococcus aureus. The outcome showed that incorporating 10% PPP into corn starch can produce a biodegradable, antimicrobial, and functionally robust active packaging material, suitable for diverse food applications.