Solar-Powered Hydrogen Generation for Clean Vehicle Application

Abstract Global transportation systems are experiencing a major transition as nations seek alternatives to fossil fuels. Hydrogen, particularly when produced using renewable energy, has emerged as a clean and flexible energy carrier capable of supporting low-carbon mobility. Solar energy is among the most reliable and abundant renewable sources for producing green hydrogen through water electrolysis. This project review paper examines, in detail, the integrated pathway of solar hydrogen production and its application in vehicle propulsion. The paper explores the working principles, system components, efficiency considerations, economic barriers, recent technological advancements (2020–2025), and the overall feasibility of adopting solar-to-hydrogen mobility systems. Through an extensive evaluation of photovoltaic systems, electrolyzers, hydrogen storage technologies, and fuel cell powertrains, this review highlights both the opportunities and challenges in creating a sustainable hydrogen-powered transportation ecosystem. The paper concludes by identifying research trends and future directions that could accelerate the adoption of green hydrogen mobility worldwide.