A Comprehensive Review on Nanomaterials, Properties, Durability, and Future Prospects in Sustainable Construction

Abstract - Nano concrete is an advanced construction material developed by incorporating nanomaterials into conventional concrete to enhance its mechanical, durability, and functional properties. The use of nanotechnology in concrete has gained significant attention due to its potential to improve strength, reduce permeability, control microcracking, and increase the service life of structures. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of nano concrete, focusing on commonly used nanomaterials, their effects on fresh and hardened properties of concrete, durability performance, sustainability aspects, challenges, and future research directions. Key Words: concrete, nanotechnology, nano concrete, nanomaterials, cement-based materials, microstructure, mechanical properties, durability, hydration process, carbon nanotubes.