IOT-Based Smart Drainage Monitoring and Autonomous Cleaning System Using ESP8266

Abstract - Drainage systems regularly face problems such as blockages, waste accumulation, and the presence of toxic gases, which can create unsafe conditions and affect urban hygiene. Manual inspection inside drainage lines is slow, risky, and often fails to detect early warnings of overflow or gas formation. To overcome these issues, this project develops an IoT-based Smart Drainage Monitoring and Autonomous Cleaning System using the ESP8266 microcontroller. The system continuously measures water level with an ultrasonic sensor and detects harmful gases using an MQ-135 sensor. A servo-motor-driven cleaning mechanism lifts floating solid waste to prevent blockage. All readings are processed by the ESP8266 and sent to an IoT dashboard, enabling real-time monitoring and quick alerts to the concerned authority. The prototype was tested under controlled conditions, showing accurate sensing, proper alert generation, and effective waste removal. This system reduces the need for manual scavenging, improves safety, and offers a low-cost and scalable solution for modern drainage maintenance. Key Words: IoT, ESP8266, Smart Drainage System, Blockage Detection, Ultrasonic Sensor, Gas Monitoring, Autonomous Cleaning, Real-Time Alerts, Drainage Inspection, Hazard Detection