Wireless Hybrid Energy Harvesting System for Sustainable Internet of Things (IOT)

Abstract This study investigates hybrid energy harvesting(EH) as a sustainable and efficient power solution for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Traditional battery-powered and single-source energy systems have limitations, such as limited lifetime and unreliable power availability. To address these issues, a hybrid energy harvesting system is proposed that combines photovoltaic energy (solar), radio frequency energy(RF) , and vibration energy sources. These sources capture energy from the surrounding environment, allowing the system to operate under different conditions. By using multiple energy sources together, the proposed model provides more reliable and continuously power in both urban and remote environments. The system performance is evaluated using simulated environmental data for different deployment scenarios. The results shows that the harvested energy is sufficient to support low-power IoT devices. Unlike, conventional systems, the proposed approach reduces the need for frequent battery replacement, which increases device lifespan and lowers maintenance requirements. The study demonstrates that hybrid energy harvesting is a practical and effective solution for autonomous Internet of things (IoT) applications. This work supports the development of self-powered, scalable, and environmentally friendly IoT networks, especially in locations that are difficult to access. Keywords Wireless Energy Harvesting(WSN), Internet of Things(IoT), Hybrid Energy Harvesting, Solar Energy, Vibration, Radio Frequency Energy, Self-Powered Iot, Energy Management.