The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Personalized Learning

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the educational sector, fundamentally shifting the paradigm from a "one-size-fits-all" model to a student-centric, personalized approach. This paper explores the mechanisms through which AI enables personalized learning, including Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), adaptive learning platforms, and predictive analytics. By leveraging machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP), educational technologies can now analyze student behavior in real-time, tailoring content difficulty, pacing, and feedback to meet individual needs. This study evaluates the impact of these technologies on student engagement and academic achievement, highlighting significant positive effect sizes in STEM disciplines. However, the integration of AI also introduces critical challenges, including data privacy risks, algorithmic bias, and the potential for cognitive disengagement. The paper concludes that while AI offers immense potential to enhance educational equity and efficiency, its successful implementation requires a structured ethical framework and continuous professional development for educators. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Personalized Learning, Adaptive Learning, Self Determination