The Background of Violations of Women's Rights in Rural Tamilnadu from 1921 – 2011

Women were living without peace and rights and without the right to live on this earth. Women lived as if they were enslaved without knowing who they were and performed rituals and ceremonies. The Women India Association in particular was the first organization to be formed in Tamil Nadu. The Women's Indian Association has been very proactive in liaising with Indian women's organizations abroad. In this way, the conditions of women abroad were adjusted to the conditions in India and they directly witnessed the plight of women in India. These women's organizations not only carried out struggles for reformist ideas but also received lessons and did much socially minded work. They created libraries, education, councils, hospitals, etc. and worked there. This manuscript critically examines the trajectory of women’s rights violations in rural Tamil Nadu from 1921 to 2011. It explores the intersection of caste, patriarchy, and socio-politicalmovements, highlighting both systemic oppression and resistance. The study draws on historical records, feminist scholarship and regional movements to contextualize the lived realities of rural women. Keywords: Women’s rights, Caste, Education, Violations and Gender Hierarchies