Research progress on fatigue status and assessment tools in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and disabling chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Besides typical symptoms such as coughing, excessive phlegm and breathing difficulties, fatigue has gradually been regarded as one of the core symptoms affecting the quality of life of patients. However, it is often not fully considered in daily diagnosis and treatment. Based on the review and comprehensive analysis of recent domestic and international literature, this study systematically assesses the research progress on fatigue in COPD patients in terms of its current status, influencing factors and assessment tools. The results show that the incidence of fatigue in COPD patients is relatively high and is closely related to social demographic characteristics, physiological conditions and psychological factors. In terms of assessment tools, the commonly used scales in existing studies can be divided into two categories: universal fatigue scales and COPD-specific fatigue assessment scales. Each type of tool has its own advantages and limitations: universal scales have a wide coverage and are convenient for cross-study comparison, but have insufficient specificity for respiratory-related fatigue; while COPD-specific scales are more sensitive in revealing the characteristics of disease-related fatigue, but are limited by the number of items, cultural adaptation and other factors, which restricts their wide promotion. The future direction should include the development of assessment tools with high sensitivity, high specificity and simplicity, and through longitudinal studies to reveal the dynamic changes of fatigue, providing evidence for the formulation of individualized clinical intervention plans and ultimately improving the overall prognosis and quality of life of COPD patients. (慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)为全球范围内高发且易致残的慢性呼吸系统疾病, 除咳嗽、呼吸困难外, 疲劳已成为影响患者生活质量的核心症状之一, 却易被临床忽视。基于对近年国内外文献的整理与综合分析, 本研究系统评估 COPD 患者疲劳在现状、影响因素及评估工具方面的研究进展。COPD患者疲劳发生与社会人口学特征、生理状况及心理因素等存在密切关联。现有研究常用的评估工具分为普适性疲劳量表与 COPD 特异性疲劳评估量表两大类: 普适性量表覆盖面广, 便于跨研究比较, 但对呼吸相关疲劳的针对性不足; COPD 特异性量表在揭示疾病相关疲劳特征方面更具灵敏度, 但受限于条目数量、文化适配等因素, 制约了广泛推广。未来的方向应包括开发兼具高敏感性、较高特异性与简便性且跨文化适配的评估工具, 并通过纵向研究揭示疲劳的动态变化规律, 为临床个体化干预方案的制定提供证据, 最终提升 COPD 患者的总体预后与生活质量。)