Revisión sistemática y análisis comparativo de lenguajes de programación para el desarrollo de aplicaciones web orientadas a la enseñanza de idiomas

The development of web applications for language teaching has increased significantly in the last decade due to advances in digital technologies, the expansion of online learning, and the need for flexible, interactive, and scalable educational solutions. In this context, selecting the appropriate programming language is a critical factor in ensuring the performance, maintainability, and pedagogical effectiveness of these platforms. This scientific article presents a systematic literature review and a comparative analysis of five programming languages widely used in web application development: JavaScript, Python, Java, PHP, and C#. The study is based on technical and educational criteria, considering parameters such as ease of development, performance, scalability, multimedia support, framework ecosystem, and pedagogical suitability. The results show that there is no universally superior language; rather, suitability depends on the pedagogical objectives, the scope of the project, and the available resources