Optimizing battery discharge and charge strategies for enhanced Microgrid performance

This study aims to enhance the technical, economic, and environmental performance of hybrid microgrids (MGs) through optimal battery charging and discharging decisions. A simulation-based design integrating photovoltaic generation, battery energy storage, and diesel backup was used to evaluate multiple control strategies under identical operating conditions. A multi-objective optimization model based on the NSGA-II algorithm minimized total lifecycle cost and carbon emissions while ensuring operational resilience. The findings revealed that optimized scheduling is highly effective in enhancing renewable use, stabilizing battery state-of-charge, and virtually eliminating the need for diesel generators, resulting in over 90% cost reduction and minimal emission penalties. The optimized system showed improved net load profiles, longer battery life, and greater robustness compared to non-optimized operation. The study concludes that a battery-centric, intelligent control, and component-sizing approach is superior to renewable oversizing for the sustainability of MGs. Practically, the results show that innovative energy management can enable resilient, low-carbon, and cost-effective MG operations without increasing renewable capacity.