An Analysis of On-Street Parking Behavior in Hanoi: The Influence of Street Infrastructure and Proposed Organizational and Operational Solutions

The rapid growth of automobiles in Vietnam, particularly in Hanoi, has placed substantial pressure on urban parking infrastructure, while off-street parking facilities remain insufficient to meet demand. This study surveys and analyzes on-street and off-street parking choice behavior, focusing on the influence of street infrastructure. Using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis test, the analysis of 540 survey responses indicates that street infrastructure factors significantly affect parking decisions, with on-street parking still preferred even on congested or restricted roads. Trip information and specific parking characteristics also play important roles. The study proposes a comprehensive solution matrix, including infrastructure standardization, flexible pricing, time restrictions, and technology applications, aimed at reducing congestion, improving on-street parking efficiency, and promoting sustainable urban development.