Assessing India’s Import Concentration and Regional Shift, 2019–2024: Evidence from the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index

This paper is a study of the import structure of India and its evolution between 2019 to 2024.The focus of study is on both growth and regional diversification.Secondary data has been taken from the Reserve Bank of India's Handbook of Statistics on the Indian Economy.The analysis has been made of directional shifts in imports across major regions such as OECD, OPEC, Asia, Eastern Europe, Africa, and Latin America.Evaluated is made by using descriptive statistics, Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI).The study confirms robust growth in imports of country.Gradual decline is indicated in the HHI, which shows decreasing dependence on a few dominant partners and hints a more balanced regional distribution.Increase in India's imports from Eastern Europe, particularly from Russia, and sustained engagement with Asian and OECD countries shows an ongoing regional reconfiguration.The findings of paper suggest that India's imports are becoming more diversified and resilient, with significant implications for trade policy, external vulnerability, and longterm economic stability.