Retinoids In Skin Rejuvenation: Advance In Novel Drug Delivery Approaches

Globally, millions of individuals aged 35 and above experience fluctuating lifestyles, increased exposure to blue light, and a rapidly depleting ozone layer, which facilitates the penetration of UVA and UVB rays into the skin.This exposure accelerates skin aging, leading to collagen degradation, fine lines, and decreased cellular senescence.The primary objective of skin rejuvenation is to maintain healthy skin.In recent years, cosmeceuticals containing retinoids have been increasingly used to promote collagen synthesis and rejuvenate the skin.The application of retinoids decelerates both photo-induced and chronological aging processes by enhancing skin elasticity through free radical neutralization, stimulating new cell growth, and promoting blood vessel formation in the skin, thereby mitigating pigmentation and reducing fine lines.Retinoids are commercially available as creams and serums for topical application.Nanotechnology is employed in the development of retinoids to mitigate adverse reactions such as skin irritation and purging, thereby improving their stability, efficacy, and acceptability.Emerging research on retinoids includes their formulation within liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulgels, and hydrogels.This review aims to elucidate the aging process, the mechanism of action of retinoids in counteracting aging, and the potential application of nanotechnology in cosmeceuticals.