The role of TNF-Alpha, IL-6, Adiponectin, and Leptin in Inflammation and Metabolic Dysregulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Study Design and SettingThis cross-sectional study was carried out at KVG Medical college and hospital in Sullia between January and December of 2022.The study aimed to assess the role of inflammatory markers and metabolic hormones in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. Study PopulationA total of 147 individuals diagnosed with T2DM were recruited for the study.Participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Adults aged 30-50 years diagnosed with T2DM for at least one year and willingness to participate and provide informed consent were included in the study. Exclusion CriteriaIndividuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus or gestational diabetes and patients with acute or ABSTRACT Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation.The present study investigates the role of inflammatory markers, including TNF-alpha and IL-6, and metabolic hormones such as adiponectin and leptin, in individuals with T2DM.Methods: A total of 147 participants diagnosed with T2DM were included in the study.Clinical and biochemical parameters, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1 C ), adiponectin, leptin, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, were measured.Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed to determine associations between inflammatory markers and metabolic dysregulation.Results: The mean age of participants was 42.63 ± 6.38 years, and the average BMI was 28.38 ± 2.25 kg/m².FBS and HbA1 C levels were 175.72 ± 61.61 mg/dL and 7.26 ± 0.94%, respectively.The mean adiponectin and leptin levels were 4.71 ± 1.75 µg/mL and 20.58 ± 5.19 ng/mL, respectively.TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels averaged 132.00 ± 9.45 pg/mL and 33.52 ± 14.55 pg/mL, respectively.Correlation analysis indicated an inverse relationship between adiponectin and BMI, while leptin was positively correlated with BMI and insulin levels.Elevated TNFalpha and IL-6 levels were associated with increased HbA1 C and fasting blood glucose.Conclusion: This study highlights the significant role of inflammatory markers in metabolic dysregulation among T2DM patients.Elevated TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels reinforce the link between chronic inflammation and impaired glucose metabolism.These findings underscore the need for anti-inflammatory strategies in diabetes management.