Protective Role of Centella asiatica Extract Against Carbon Tetrachloride–Induced Hepatic Damage: A Biochemical and Ultrasonographic Study

Oxidative stress and inflammation are central to the pathogenesis of hepatic injury induced by toxic substances, including alcohol and drugs such as acetaminophen and isoniazid.Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation damages cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA, while Kupffer cell activation leads to the release of cytokines that perpetuate necroinflammation and fibrosis 12 .C. asiatica and its phytochemicals have been reported to counteract these processes by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway enhancing endogenous antioxidant defense enzymes and by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammation 13 .