Waste-derived nutritional seed balls coated with mycorrhizal inoculum: a one health perspective

The fast-paced agriculture development has increased risks to human and environmental health due to over use of hemical fertilizers and pesticides. We are at the verge of finding sustainable solution to this problem. Nutritional seed balls constructed from oil seed meals and waste-derived binders, and coated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Ectomycorrhiza (ECM), present a promising solution. A nutrient-rich carriers and biodegradable binders ensure stability and environmental compatibility. The fungal inoculation of both AMF and ECM enhances plant nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and root health that reduces fertilizer dependency. The vital role of this system is in its alignment with the One Health paradigm by supporting human, animal, plant, and environmental well-being. T hese seed ball will not only be useful in agriculture but also in nurseries, agroforestry, and reforestation programs that shows that they are versatile and has great potential for large-scale application. This review synthesizes current evidence on their agronomic benefits, waste valorization potential, and role in advancing sustainable agriculture and food security.