Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Selective Gas Capture and Storage

Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as one of the most extensively studied porous materials for selective gas capture and storage owing to their ultrahigh surface area, tunable pore geometry, and chemically functionalizable frameworks. Over the last decade, Indian research groups have made significant contributions toward understanding adsorption mechanisms, synthesizing moisture-stable materials, and developing multifunctional MOFs suitable for energy and environmental applications. This expanded research paper provides a detailed academic analysis of MOFs for selective gas capture with emphasis on Indian investigations involving carbon dioxide capture, methane storage, hydrogen adsorption, and membrane-based separation. It discusses synthesis strategies, structural characterization, adsorption thermodynamics, computational modeling, and performance evaluation approaches used by Indian scientists. The results reveal that linker modification, open metal sites, and hybrid composites markedly improve adsorption selectivity and capacity under practical conditions. The discussion highlights technological challenges related to scalability, stability, regeneration energy, and industrial translation while outlining future opportunities for sustainable carbon management and clean-energy storage systems.