Hetutwa of Rakta Dhatu in Health and Disease: An Ayurvedic comprehensive Perspective

Background: In Ayurveda, dosha, dhatu, and mala are regarded as the fundamental constituents of the human body, and their equilibrium ensures health and wellbeing. Among the seven dhatus, rakta dhatu holds a central and indispensable role due to its life-sustaining functions. Objective: To critically review classical Ayurvedic literature regarding Rakta dhatu, its functions, importance, pathological states, association with doshas, and its role in disease manifestation. Methods: Literary review of Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Kashyapa Samhita, and contemporary Ayurvedic commentaries was undertaken, along with modern comparative insights. Results: Rakta dhatu is essential for jivana (life sustenance), varna (complexion), prasadana (clarity of sense organs), and sharira bala (strength). Pathological states include kshina rakta, vruddha rakta, kupita rakta, and dushta rakta. Dosha association with rakta dushti produces a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from skin disorders to systemic conditions. Chikitsa involves rakta shodhana through shodhana (raktamokshana, virechana) and shamana measures. Conclusion: Rakta dhatu plays a vital role in both physiological and pathological states. Its equilibrium ensures health, while its vitiation leads to multi-systemic disorders. Understanding rakta dhatu is essential for preventive and curative Ayurveda.