Dilema Transparansi dan Fragmentasi dalam Pendanaan Pertahanan Siber Indonesia

This article examines the disparity between escalating cyber threats and cyber defense financing in Indonesia over the 2015–2025 period. Using a non-systematic qualitative literature review and an analysis of open budget data (2017–2023), the study highlights a dispersed and volatile pattern of cybersecurity spending allocations, amounting to only around 0.02% of GDP. The analytical framework draws on the concepts of securitization, fiscal governance, and institutional architecture. The findings reveal a structural gap between political rhetoric and actual funding, weak fiscal transparency in the security sector, and fragmentation across key institutions such as BSSN, the Ministry of Communication and Informatics, and the Ministry of Defense. These results indicate that without a reorientation of budget priorities, cross-sector policy integration, and tiered improvements in transparency, Indonesia risks persistent systemic vulnerabilities in national digital security. The study recommends establishing a “Cyber Defense and Resilience” program within the state budget (APBN) as an initial step toward more strategic and coordinated financing reform.