Environmental Implications of the Spatial Distribution Patterns of Livestock Rearing Locations in Jere Local Government Area (LGA), Borno State, Nigeria

This study assessed the spatial distribution of livestock rearing in Jere Local Government Area (LGA), Borno State, Nigeria, and its environmental implications using Geographic Information Systems (GIS).Primary data were gathered from livestock rearers in ten wards of Jere LGA using kobo toolbox platform and field-based GPS data collection for the spatial coordinates of livestock rearing households.The survey captured livestock practices and environmental implications.Secondary data from scholarly works, and government reports.ArcGIS 10.8 was used to map livestock rearing households, applying Moran's I and Average Nearest Neighbor Distance to analyse spatial patterns.These tools assessed autocorrelation and proximity to determine clustering.Analysis using Moran's I and Average Nearest Neighbour Distance (ANND) shows that livestock-rearing households in Jere LGA are strongly clustered rather than randomly distributed.The results (Moran's I = 0.386999, z-score = -28.436808,p-value = 0.00000) indicates that the observed distances between households are significantly shorter than expected under random distribution.A nearest neighbour ratio of 0.386999 (