Physical, Chemical, And Therapeutic Applications of Silver Nanoparticles: A Review

Since their physical, chemical and therapeutic properties of noble nanometal deviate markedly from those at bulk scale, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become promising nano-substances. At the nanoscale, silver displays high surface reactivity, strongly plasmonic properties and modulable bio-, electro- and optical properties, thereby finding several applications in biomedicine and technology. The physical properties of AgNPs are reviewed in a well-documented science encompassing size- and shape-controlled effects, crystallinity, as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and thermal and electrical conductivity. Moreover, the chemical properties of AgNPs (ion release, redox activity, surface chemistry, and catalytic activity) and mechanisms linked to the generation of ROS are thoroughly addressed. Special attention is given to the therapeutic uses of AgNPs, such as antimicrobial, antiviral action and wound-healing activity especially those related to cancer treatment and drug-delivery. Issues concerning the toxicity, biocompatibility, environmental impact and clinical transfer to human are also discussed. Accordingly, this review focuses on the recent progression of AgNP studies and summarizes prospective for designing safe, effective, and clinically viable silver nanoparticle-related therapeutic systems.