ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE FDMN INFLUX: LOSS OF FLORA AND FAUNA IN UKHIA, COX’S BAZAR

The 2017 influx of Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) into Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, triggered one of the most rapid and extensive landscape transformations in the region’s history. This study examines the ecological consequences of the influx, with particular focus on the loss of flora and fauna in Ukhia Upazila. Using a mixed-method approach combining satellite imagery analysis, field observations, and community-based surveys, the research identifies a substantial decline in forest cover and biodiversity in areas adjacent to Palong Khali and Raja Palong unions. Indiscriminate extraction of fuelwood and construction materials for refugee settlements has led to large-scale deforestation, soil erosion, and habitat fragmentation. Native tree species such as Rain Tree, Chapalish, Shimul, and Arjun have nearly disappeared, while the loss of fruit-bearing and medicinal plants has undermined local livelihoods, food security, and traditional healthcare practices. The resulting ecological imbalance has not only diminished wildlife populations but also weakened community resilience and cultural identity. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated environmental management and reforestation strategies to restore biodiversity and mitigate long-term ecological and social impacts in refugee-hosting areas.