Biquandle virtual brackets and virtual knotoids

TURKISH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS 2026 Open access

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Authors: Neslihan Gügümcü, Hamdi Kayaslan
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0098.3674
Cited by: 0

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce invariants of virtual knotoids based on biquandles and biquandle virtual brackets. We show that one of these invariants, namely biquandle virtual bracket matrix, is a proper enhancement of the other invariants introduced in this paper.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Geometric and Algebraic Topology Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques Algebraic and Geometric Analysis

Publication details

Journal / source
TURKISH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS
Volume
50
Issue
4
Pages
651–674
Publication date
17 July 2026
Language
EN