Axillary Nerve Injury (C5–C6) With Deltoid and Teres Minor Weakness in a 75-Year-Old Female Managed by Physiotherapy

Axillary nerve injury is an uncommon but clinically significant condition that may result in marked functional impairment of the shoulder joint. The axillary nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles and provides sensory supply to the lateral aspect of the shoulder; therefore, its injury often leads to weakness in shoulder abduction, muscle atrophy, and restricted upper-limb mobility. Such deficits can substantially affect activities of daily living, particularly among older adults. This case report describes the clinical presentation, physiotherapeutic management, and rehabilitation outcomes of a 75-year-old female patient with no known comorbidities who presented with unilateral shoulder dysfunction. The patient exhibited visible wasting of the deltoid muscle, reduced shoulder stability, and an inability to actively elevate the affected arm. Following clinical assessment, a structured and individualised physiotherapy program was initiated and continued for a period of one year. The rehabilitation protocol included passive range-of-motion exercises to maintain joint mobility and prevent stiffness, electrical muscle stimulation using biphasic surge currents to facilitate neuromuscular activation of the affected musculature, and upper-limb cycling using a Thera-trainer device to improve endurance and functional movement patterns. The patient’s progress was monitored through periodic functional assessments throughout the rehabilitation period. Gradual improvement in muscle activation, shoulder mobility, and functional capacity was observed over time. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and sustained physiotherapy intervention in managing axillary nerve injury, particularly among geriatric patients. Long-term rehabilitation focusing on neuromuscular stimulation and controlled therapeutic exercise may contribute significantly to functional recovery, muscle re-education, and improved quality of life in individuals affected by peripheral nerve injuries. This case study highlights the successful conservative management of axillary nerve injury in a 75-year-old female. With structured physiotherapy focusing on passive range of motion, electrical stimulation, upper-limb ergometer training, and progressive strengthening, the patient demonstrated remarkable improvement in shoulder function. This emphasises the value of early intervention, patient compliance, and the potential for neural recovery in advanced age.