Evaluación del conocimiento sobre instrumentos jurídicos para combatir el cambio climático en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo

This article critically and systematically examines the legal tools available to combat the effects of climate change from an international, national, and local perspective. Globally, climate change represents one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century, threatening ecosystems, economies, and human communities. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines systematic documentary analysis of international legal instruments (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement) and Ecuadorian national legislation, along with a survey of 370 university students from the National University of Chimborazo, this research identifies the gaps between established legal frameworks and their effective implementation. The results show that, while a robust international and national legal framework exists to address climate change, significant shortcomings persist in terms of public awareness, accessible climate justice mechanisms, and coordination among different levels of government. The study reveals that Ecuadorian ecological constitutionalism offers an innovative perspective but requires further development in its enforcement mechanisms.