Metodologías activas e innovación educativa en la participación estudiantil universitario ecuatoriana

The high university dropout rate in Ecuador, which reached 28% in 2020, represents a problem that affects institutional efficiency, social mobility, and access to skilled jobs. Given this, the objective of the research was to analyze how active methodologies and educational innovation can increase student engagement and transform the higher education experience. The methodology combined quantitative and qualitative approaches, including digital surveys, semi-structured interviews, and a systematic literature review, focusing on higher education institutions in Ecuador and recent research (2020–2026). The results showed that strategies such as problem-based learning, the flipped classroom, collaborative learning, and gamification strengthen motivation, autonomy, and engagement. Furthermore, the incorporation of digital tools and artificial intelligence serves as a support system that improves planning and assessment. The discussion highlights that these methodologies foster critical and autonomous skills, but their implementation faces institutional barriers, methodological resistance, and technological limitations. The conclusion reaffirms that active methodologies are key to boosting participation and promoting pedagogical transformation in Ecuadorian universities a requirement that calls for comprehensive policies and ongoing support.