Epidemiological profile of acute appendicitis in brazil and worldwide: a quantitative-focused bibliographic review

Acute appendicitis (AA) remains one of the leading surgical emergencies worldwide, with an estimated incidence of 214 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, totaling approximately 17 million new cases annually. In Brazil, around 250,000 cases are recorded each year, accounting for nearly 25% of acute abdomen cases in emergency services. This study conducted a quantitative bibliographic review analyzing national and international epidemiological data from 2004 to 2025, based on articles retrieved from PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The results revealed consistent patterns: predominance in males (56%), higher incidence in the 20–29 age group (30%), and increased mortality among elderly patients (17% over 70 years). In the Brazilian context, a high proportion of mixed-race (brown) patients (45.9%) stood out, as well as the persistence of open appendectomy, reflecting disparities in access to minimally invasive techniques. It is concluded that although the epidemiological profile is similar to the global pattern, Brazil faces specific challenges, such as the need to expand laparoscopic surgery within the Unified Health System (SUS) and to improve early diagnosis among vulnerable populations.