Indonesian Constitutional System Post-Amendment of the 1945 Constitution

The amendments to the 1945 Constitution were a crucial moment in the history of Indonesian governance after the reform era, aimed at strengthening democratic principles, reducing the concentration of power, and creating a more open and accountable system of government. This research employs a qualitative method with a desk study approach through an analysis of literature on constitutional amendments, changes in the system of government, and interactions between state institutions. The findings from this discussion indicate that the amendments brought significant changes, such as reducing the authority of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), strengthening the House of Representatives (DPR), establishing the Constitutional Court, and implementing direct elections as a form of democratization. However, the implementation of these amendments still faces several challenges, including overlapping authority, weak checks and balances, and a political culture that has not yet fully adopted democratic principles. Therefore, institutional strengthening and a thorough understanding of the constitution are essential requirements for achieving effective, stable, and democratic governance in Indonesia after the amendments.