The Effect of Research & Development Investment, E-commerce Transactions, and Digital Infrastructure on Economic Growth in Indonesia

Economic growth is a key indicator of a country’s economic performance and is influenced by investment, technology, and infrastructure. Over the past decade, Indonesia’s digital economy has grown rapidly, reflected in increased R&D investment, the expansion of e-commerce, and the development of digital infrastructure. This study analyzes the effects of R&D investment, e-commerce transactions, and digital infrastructure on Indonesia’s economic growth using multiple linear regression with time-series data from 2015–2024. The results show that R&D investment has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while e-commerce transactions and digital infrastructure have negative and significant effects. Simultaneously, all variables significantly influence economic growth, with the model explaining 90.21% of the variation. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening the innovation ecosystem and promoting more inclusive and integrated digital development to support sustainable economic growth.