The Effect of Transformation from Human Workforce Supervision to Digital Supervision on Worker Behavior at Pt. Indominco Mandiri

This study aims to analyze the impact of transforming supervision from manual monitoring to digital supervision using Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) on employees’ work behavior and performance indications in the Settling Pond area of PT Indominco Mandiri. A descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with three supervisors, and semi-structured interviews with twenty field workers during the 2024–2025 internship period. The findings indicate that the implementation of CCTV improves work discipline, punctuality, and compliance with Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) procedures, particularly the use of personal protective equipment. However, digital supervision also leads to a reduction in informal social interactions due to the psychological effect of perceived surveillance. Overall, digital supervision is effective in strengthening organizational control mechanisms when supported by transparent communication and a human-centered approach