Management of Xerostomia in Hypertension Patients with Smoking Habits

Xerostomia is a dry mouth complaint frequently found in patients with systemic diseases, particularly hypertension. In addition to the use of antihypertensive medications, smoking habits also contribute to decreased salivary secretion and salivary gland damage. Objective: To explore the relationship between hypertension and smoking habits in the occurrence of xerostomia, as well as to review relevant clinical implications and management strategies. Methods: Literature searches were conducted in PubMed/PMC, ScienceDirect, and publisher portals (TandF, JADA, MDPI) up to August 2025 using the keywords: xerostomia, hyposalivation, salivary flow, hypertension, antihypertensive, diuretic, beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor, ARB, smoking. Literature Review: Most studies indicate that the prevalence of xerostomia is higher in hypertensive patients who smoke compared to non-smokers. The main mechanisms underlying this condition are the xerogenic pharmacological effects of antihypertensive drugs and the toxic effects of nicotine on salivary gland function. Xerostomia in this group is associated with an increased risk of dental caries, periodontal disease, and impaired quality of life. Conclusion: The combination of hypertension and smoking habits has been proven to significantly increase the risk of xerostomia. Management of xerostomia in this group should be carried out comprehensively, including controlling systemic risk factors, selecting appropriate antihypertensive therapy, smoking cessation, and local interventions to maintain salivary function